Treatment Options for Stomach Cancer
Cancer is a disease that affects millions of people around the world, causing immense physical and emotional challenges. Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is one such type of cancer that requires early detection and appropriate treatment for better outcomes.
This article will explore the various treatment options available for stomach cancer, focusing on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Patients can make informed decisions and actively participate in their treatment journey by understanding these treatment modalities.
Understanding Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the stomach lining grow uncontrollably. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in certain regions, including India. While the exact cause of stomach cancer is unknown, several risk factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, poor dietary choices, and a family history of the disease, have been identified.
Recognising the signs and symptoms of stomach cancer is crucial for early diagnosis. Common symptoms include persistent indigestion, abdominal pain or discomfort, unintentional weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult a qualified gastroenterologist promptly.
Diagnosing Stomach Cancer
Diagnosing stomach cancer involves a series of tests and procedures to determine the disease’s presence, stage, and extent. A surgeon may recommend imaging tests such as CT scans, endoscopy, and biopsies to confirm the diagnosis.
Endoscopy allows the surgeon to examine the inside of your stomach using a flexible tube with a camera attached (endoscope). Tiny tissue samples (biopsies) may be analysed further during this procedure. Biopsy results will help determine the type of stomach cancer and its aggressiveness, guiding treatment decisions.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is crucial in treating stomach cancer, especially in the early stages. The primary goal of surgery is to remove the tumour and surrounding lymph nodes to prevent the spread of cancer cells.
Different surgical procedures may be recommended depending on the tumour’s size and location. Partial gastrectomy involves removing only the portion of the stomach affected by cancer, while total gastrectomy entails removing the entire stomach. Lymph node dissection is often performed alongside gastrectomy to ensure the complete removal of affected lymph nodes.
While surgery can be an effective treatment option, discussing potential risks and benefits with a surgeon is essential. Common risks include infection, bleeding, and digestive complications. A surgeon will guide you through the recovery process and provide instructions for post-surgical care.
Chemotherapy for Stomach Cancer
Chemotherapy uses powerful medications to destroy cancer cells or impede their growth. It may be recommended before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) to shrink the tumour, after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, or as the primary treatment for advanced stages of stomach cancer.
Chemotherapy drugs for stomach cancer are typically administered intravenously or orally. Commonly used drugs include fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel. These medications work by targeting rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.
While chemotherapy can be effective, it often comes with side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and a weakened immune system. A surgeon will carefully monitor your response to treatment and provide supportive care to manage these side effects.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams like X-rays to target and kill cancer cells. It may be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy can help shrink tumours, relieve symptoms, and destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
During radiation therapy, you will lie on a table while a machine delivers targeted radiation to the affected area. The procedure is painless and usually lasts a few minutes. Common side effects of radiation therapy for stomach cancer include fatigue, skin changes, and digestive problems. Your surgeon or radiation oncologist will closely monitor your progress and provide strategies to manage these side effects.
Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy
In recent years, advancements in cancer treatment have led to the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy for stomach cancer. These treatment options focus on specific molecular targets in cancer cells or boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
Targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab and ramucirumab, inhibit the growth of cancer cells by targeting specific proteins on their surface. Immunotherapy, on the other hand, stimulates the immune system to recognise and attack cancer cells. Medications like pembrolizumab and nivolumab have shown promising results in certain patients with advanced stomach cancer.
These treatments are often used when other options have been exhausted or combined with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. However, it is essential to note that not all patients are eligible for targeted therapies or immunotherapy, and their availability may vary based on factors such as tumour characteristics and patient health.
Treatment Decision Making
Making decisions about stomach cancer treatment can be overwhelming, but working closely with a stomach cancer surgeon to develop a personalised treatment plan is crucial. Factors such as cancer stage, overall health, and personal preferences should be considered.
Take the time to ask questions, seek second opinions, and understand each treatment option’s potential benefits and risks. It may also be helpful to connect with support groups or seek counselling to cope with the emotional aspects of the decision-making process.
If you or a loved one is facing the daunting challenge of stomach cancer, you don’t have to go through it alone. Consult with Dr.Aditya Kulkarni, Best stomach cancer surgeon in pune, to explore your treatment options and receive compassionate, personalized care.
Living with and Beyond Stomach Cancer
Living with stomach cancer means adapting to a new standard and changing lifestyles to optimise health and well-being. Maintaining a nutritious diet, staying physically active within your abilities, and prioritising self-care is essential.
Regular follow-up appointments with a surgeon are essential to monitor your progress, manage any side effects, and address concerns. These appointments will also include imaging tests and blood work to detect any signs of recurrence.
Emotional support is equally essential in the journey of living with stomach cancer. Lean on loved ones, join support groups, or consider counselling to help navigate the emotional challenges that may arise.
Conclusion
Stomach cancer treatment options have come a long way, offering patients a range of approaches to combat this disease. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy significantly manage stomach cancer.
Understanding the various treatment options, benefits, and potential side effects empowers patients to participate in their care actively. Remember, every case is unique, and treatment decisions should be made in collaboration with a surgeon.
While the battle against stomach cancer may be challenging, advances in research and technology continue to offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life. Stay informed, stay connected, and always remember the courage and strength within you.
Dr. Aditya Kulkarni
MS, DNB, FRCS, MCh (Surgical Gastroenterology & GI Oncology)
Dr. Aditya Kulkarni is a Consultant of Laparoscopic and Robotic Gastrointestinal, Hepato-biliary-pancreatic, and Cancer Surgeon at the Renowned Oasis Surgery Clinic Pune.